Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States (1869–1877) following his role as the commanding general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Grant's presidency was marked by his efforts to implement Congressional Reconstruction, to suppress the Ku Klux Klan, and to prosecute the Tenure of Office Act. He was known for his modest demeanor and his ability to lead effectively during the Civil War. In Hebrew, his name is translated as אוליסס ס. גרנט. In Spanish, he is known as Ulysses S. Grant, and in French, he is referred to as Ulysses S. Grant. Grant's military career and presidency have been subjects of extensive historical analysis, with assessments varying significantly over time. His memoirs, completed shortly before his death, are still acclaimed for their literary merit and insight into the Civil War.