A surveillance state is a country or society that employs extensive surveillance and data collection on its citizens and visitors, often justified by national security or public safety concerns. The term is used to describe governments that monitor, collect, store, and analyze large amounts of personal data from various sources, including digital communications, financial transactions, and physical movements. The concept is often associated with authoritarian regimes, but it can also exist in democratic societies where surveillance is conducted within a legal framework. In Hebrew, the term can be translated as מדינת האזנה (Medinat Ha'azina). In other languages, it may be referred to as surveillance-état in French, Überwachungsstaat in German, and estado de vigilancia in Spanish. Key contextual information includes debates about the balance between security and privacy, the potential for abuse of power, and the impact of advanced technologies on surveillance capabilities. The rise of digital technologies and data analytics has significantly enhanced the ability of states to monitor individuals, raising concerns about civil liberties and human rights.