Shesmu

Shesmu (also spelled Shesemu or Shesmu) is an ancient Egyptian deity associated with the production of alcoholic beverages, particularly wine, and the crushing of grapes. He is often depicted as a lion or a lion-headed man, wielding a large knife or a pestle, symbolizing his role in the fermentation and pressing processes. Shesmu was also linked to the underworld, where he was believed to punish the wicked by crushing them in a wine press. His name translates to "He who dries up" or "He who desiccates," reflecting his role in the drying and pressing of grapes. In Hebrew, the name is transliterated as שסמו (Shesmu). The deity's significance is highlighted in various Egyptian texts and artworks, where he is often shown in the presence of other gods, such as Hathor, with whom he shares some symbolic connections. Shesmu's cult was particularly prominent in the Late Period of ancient Egypt, and his worship was centered around the city of Dendera, where he was associated with the goddess Hathor, who was also a deity of joy, music, and intoxication.