Selim I, also known as Selim the Resolute or Selim the Grim (Ottoman Turkish: سليم اول, romanized: Sulaymān I; Turkish: I. Selim; Arabic: سليم الأول, romanized: Salīm al-Awwal; Persian: سليم اول, romanized: Salīm-e Avval), was the ninth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1512 to 1520. Born on October 10, 1470, in Amasya, he was the son of Sultan Bayezid II and his wife Gülbahar Hatun. Selim I is renowned for his military campaigns, particularly his conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Holy Cities of Mecca and Medina, as well as his expansion into Eastern Europe and the Middle East. His reign marked a significant turning point in Ottoman history, transforming the empire into a dominant global power. In Hebrew, Selim I is referred to as סלים הראשון (Salim HaRishon).