Pharaoh Exodus

The Pharaoh of the Exodus is the ruler of Egypt during the biblical narrative of the Israelites' Exodus from Egypt, as recounted in the Book of Exodus. In Hebrew, the term "Pharaoh" is transliterated as פַּרְעֹה (Par'oh). The identity of this Pharaoh remains a subject of debate among scholars, with various candidates proposed based on historical and archaeological evidence. The Exodus narrative describes a Pharaoh who initially enslaved the Israelites but later faced a series of plagues and catastrophes that compelled him to release the Israelites from bondage. The most prominent candidate for the Pharaoh of the Exodus is Ramses II, who ruled Egypt from 1279 to 1213 BCE, as the Israelites' enslavement and subsequent Exodus are often dated to this period. Other candidates include Merneptah, Ramses II's son and successor, and Thutmose III, whose reign predates the traditional Exodus timeline. The biblical account of the Exodus is a foundational story in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, symbolizing liberation from oppression and divine intervention in human affairs. In Arabic, the term "Pharaoh" is transliterated as فِرْعَوْن (Fir'awn), and in Greek, it is Φαραώ (Pharaō).