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Mars

Mars, also known as the Red Planet, is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System and the second-smallest planet with a diameter of 6,779 km at its equator. In Hebrew, Mars is called Ma'adim (מאדים), which means "the one who reddens" or "the red one." In Latin, Mars is known as Mārs, and in Arabic, it is called Al-Mirrikh (المريخ). Named after the Roman god of war, Mars has been a subject of human fascination for centuries due to its distinctive reddish appearance, which is caused by iron oxide (rust) on its surface. Key features of Mars include Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano and the highest peak in the Solar System, and Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons. Mars has two small, irregularly shaped moons, Phobos and Deimos, named after the Greek words for fear and terror, respectively. The planet has been explored by numerous spacecraft, including rovers like Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity, which have provided valuable data about its geology, atmosphere, and potential for past or present life.

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Mars
Fourth planet from the Sun
Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is also known as the "Red Planet", for its orange-red appearance. Mars is a desert-like rocky planet with a tenuous atmosphere that is primarily carbon dioxide. At the average surface level the atmospheric pressure is a few thousandths of Earth's, atmospheric temperature ranges from −153 to 20 °C, and cosmic radiation is high. Mars retains some water, in the ground as well as thinly in the atmosphere, forming cirrus clouds, fog, frost, larger polar regions of permafrost and ice caps, but no bodies of liquid surface water. Its surface gravity is roughly a third of Earth's or double that of the Moon. It is about half the Earth in width, or twice the Moon, with a diameter of 6,779 km (4,212 mi), and has a surface area the size of all the dry land of Earth.
Last modified: 2025-11-18T12:20:43ZView full article on Wikipedia