Kibbutz

A kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ, plural kibbutzim קיבוצים) is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, Degania, was established in 1909, marking the beginning of a unique form of communal living in the Zionist movement. Kibbutzim were founded on principles of G'dudim (Hebrew: גדודים, "brigades" or "platoons"), which emphasized collective ownership, egalitarianism, and self-sufficiency. Members of a kibbutz, known as kibbutznikim (Hebrew: קיבוצניקים), shared resources, labor, and often dining facilities. The concept has evolved over time, with many modern kibbutzim diversifying into industry, technology, and tourism while maintaining some degree of communal living. The term "kibbutz" is also used in other languages, such as Russian (кибуц) and German (Kibbuz), to refer to these communal settlements in Israel.