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Kara Mustafa Pasha

Kara Mustafa Pasha (Turkish: "Black Mustafa Pasha"; Arabic: مصطفى باشا الكرا; Albanian: Mustafa Pashë Temealbani; c. 1635 – 25 December 1683) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander who served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1676 to 1683. The epithet "Kara" (meaning "black" in Turkish) was given to him due to his dark complexion. He is best known for his role in the Great Turkish War, particularly for leading the failed Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683, which marked a turning point in the empire's military fortunes. Kara Mustafa Pasha was born in the town of Kratovo, in present-day North Macedonia, to an Albanian family. His full name was Mustafa Pasha Köprülü. The term "Pasha" is a high title given to high-ranking officials in the Ottoman Empire, roughly equivalent to a high-ranking general or governor. In Hebrew, his name can be translated as מוסטפא פאשא הקרא (Mustafa Pasha HaKara).