Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is primarily composed of hydrogen with a quarter of its mass being helium, though helium comprises only about a tenth of the volume. Jupiter was known to astronomers of ancient times. The Romans named it after the Roman god Jupiter. In Hebrew, Jupiter is called צדק (Tzedek), which means "justice" or "righteousness." In Japanese, it is called 木星 (Mokusei), which translates to "wood star," and in Arabic, it is known as المشتري (Al-Mushari), derived from the term for "the bringer of luck." Jupiter has been explored by several spacecraft, most notably by the Galileo orbiter, which provided detailed images and data on the planet, its moons, and its rings. Jupiter's strong internal heat creates a number of semi-permanent features in its atmosphere, such as cloud bands and the Great Red Spot, a massive storm that has been raging for at least 350 years.