Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement that emerged in the early 20th century. It is characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, strong regimentation of society and of the economy, and an aggressive nationalism and racism that exalts a nation above all else, often to the point of demanding loyalty to an all-powerful leader. The term "fascist" comes from the Italian word fascio, meaning "bundle" or "union," and refers to the ancient Roman symbol of authority, the fasces. In Hebrew, the term is translated as פשיזם (fashism). Other translations include fascismo in Spanish, fascisme in French, and Faschismus in German. Fascism was first developed in Italy by Benito Mussolini, who founded the National Fascist Party in 1921 and ruled Italy from 1925 to 1943. Fascist regimes have been responsible for some of the most notorious atrocities in modern history, including the Holocaust and other genocides. Key elements of fascist ideology include the rejection of liberal democracy, the glorification of violence, and the promotion of a totalitarian state. Fascist movements often employ propaganda and censorship to control public opinion and suppress dissent. The ideology has been associated with various symbols, such as the fasces, the eagle, and the swastika, and has been adopted by various political movements and regimes around the world.