Elderberry

Elderberry refers to several species of flowering plants belonging to the genus Sambucus, which is part of the Adoxaceae family. These plants are small to medium-sized shrubs or trees, widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in temperate and subtropical regions. The term "elderberry" is derived from the Old English word "æld," meaning "fire," likely referring to the plant's hollow stems, which were traditionally used as fuel for fires. In Hebrew, elderberry is known as שיח השיח (shich hashich). Other relevant translations include Sambuco in Italian, Sauco in Spanish, and Holunder in German. Elderberries are small, dark purple to black berries that grow in clusters and are known for their medicinal properties and use in culinary applications. The berries, flowers, and leaves have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, often to treat colds, flu, and other ailments. However, raw elderberries are not typically consumed due to their potential toxicity, which is neutralized through cooking or drying. The plants are also valued for their ornamental qualities, with clusters of white or cream-colored flowers that bloom in the spring and summer.