Ashkenazi Jews
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
Ashkenazi Jews Ashkenazis or Ashkenazim form a distinct subgroup of the Jewish diaspora that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire in the Early Middle Ages, originating from the Jewish communities who lived in the 10th century in the Rhineland valley and in neighbouring France before migrating eastward after the Crusades. Facing persecution in Western Europe, particularly following the Black Death in the 14th century, the bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews migrated to the Kingdom of Poland, at the encouragement of Casimir III the Great and his successors, making Poland the main centre of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.